Why was the sound quality so poor at Beatles concerts?

In February 1962, The Beatles played at a youth club in Liverpool, using the church hall. The venue was modest but fit for purpose. With its low ceiling and wooden floors, it provided excellent acoustics for the local fans who managed to squeeze in.

Two years later, they travelled to Washington, D.C. in the immediate wake of their triumph on The Ed Sullivan Show. A concert was hastily arranged in a venue used for basketball and boxing. It set the template for all the live shows that were to come:

An 8000-voice choir performed last night at Washington Coliseum ...The choir was accompanied by four young British artists who call themselves the Beatles. Their part was almost completely obscured by the larger choral group,

The 'thin voices' of the visiting group could not compete with the thousands of screaming teenagers.  This problem would plague The Beatles for the remainder of their time as a live act.

Big stadiums, small speakers

We couldn’t hear ourselves when we were live, as there was so much screaming going on.   Paul McCartney

Unprecedented demand for Beatles' concert tickets created logistical problems. Promoters scrambled to gain access to the biggest venues available. In most cities, these were sports stadiums - ill-equipped to host concerts. Amplification technology was not yet ready to fill these vast spaces. 

Often, the (distorted) sound came through a stadium's PA system. The result was a sonic mess - once described as a thousand transistor radios playing at once. It was also incapable of competing with the incessant screaming. 

On stage, The Beatles were reliant on their own puny amplifiers. Crucially, they could not hear each other play. Ringo Starr could only keep the beat by watching the gyrating rear ends of his fellow bandmates. 

The sound on the documentary 'Eight Days a Week' is far superior to that heard by fans at concerts in 1965 - or indeed by The Beatles themselves. 

No going back

Nor could they opt to play smaller venues. A chaotic return to the Cavern in August 1963 had proved that there was no route back to the intimacy of their club-playing days.